منابع مشابه
Deferred Utterances and Proper Contexts
1 Proper contexts Frege (1918-1919) famously makes a caveat concerning his doctrine of sense and reference: there are some special expressions like 'here', 'today' and 'that', that cannot by themselves express senses (and, therefore, cannot have references). Something else is necessary, namely, the extra-linguistic context in which the particular tokens of words of this kind occur. Therefore, i...
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Presupposition is a pervasive feature of human language. It involves many interesting interactions between the utterances of a discourse and the context of the discourse. In this paper we focus on issues of logical form connected with the interaction of presupposition and discourse context, and illustrate our theory with some implementational work using the active logic framework. After reviewi...
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A single, indirect exposure to a novel word provides information that could be used to make a fast mapping between the word and its referent, but it is not known how well this initial mapping specifies the function of the new word. The four studies reported here compare preschoolers' (N = 64) fast mapping of new proper and common names following an indirect exposure requiring inference with the...
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This paper describes a Bayesian language model for predicting spontaneous utterances. People sometimes say unexpected words, such as fillers or hesitations, that cause the miss-prediction of words in normal N-gram models. Our proposed model considers mixtures of possible segmental contexts, that is, a kind of context-word selection. It can reduce negative effects caused by unexpected words beca...
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The question now arises how the two kinds of alethic modalities relate to each other. The answer, of course, depends on how precisely we characterize the two notions. Suppose that we have a class K consisting of all Kripke models for a language of modal propositional or predicate logic with operators: Ø for metaphysical necessity, L for logical necessity, and A for actuality. Each model is asso...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Disputatio
سال: 2012
ISSN: 0873-626X
DOI: 10.2478/disp-2012-0032